Hawaii’s Kīlauea volcano, renowned as one of the world’s most active volcanic sites, has erupted once more, captivating onlookers with its fiery display and prompting health advisories due to volcanic emissions.
The eruption commenced at approximately 2:20 a.m. HST on December 23, 2024, within the Halemaʻumaʻu crater, situated in the summit caldera of Kīlauea, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS). They reported that increased seismic activity preceded the eruption, with lava fountains becoming visible shortly thereafter. “The lava is coming out at a very rapid rate as it usually does at the onset of these eruptions,” said Ken Hon, the scientist-in-charge at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, during a USGS live stream, according to The Guardian.
Currently, the volcanic activity is confined within the boundaries of Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park. Officials have stated that there is no immediate threat to human life or infrastructure, according to BBC. However, the eruption has led to the emission of high levels of volcanic gases, notably sulfur dioxide, which can pose health risks to individuals, particularly those with pre-existing respiratory conditions. Residents and visitors are advised to minimize exposure to volcanic smog, commonly referred to as “vog,” which can cause respiratory discomfort and other health issues.
This event marks the third eruption of Kīlauea in 2024, following eruptions in June and September. The June eruption lasted approximately five days, while the September event persisted for about a week. The duration of the current eruption remains uncertain, as volcanic activity can vary significantly in length and intensity.
Kīlauea’s eruptive history is characterized by frequent activity, with eruptions occurring regularly since written records have been maintained. Notably, the 2018 eruption resulted in the destruction of over 700 homes, underscoring the potential hazards associated with the volcano.
The USGS continues to monitor the situation closely, providing regular updates on seismic activity, gas emissions, and potential hazards. They have raised Kīlauea’s alert level to its highest within the closed area of Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, indicating heightened vigilance due to the ongoing eruption.
Visitors to the national park are urged to adhere to safety guidelines and respect all closures and warnings. While the eruption presents a spectacular natural display, it also poses inherent dangers, including the emission of hazardous gases and the potential for sudden explosive events. Live footage of the eruption is being broadcast, allowing individuals worldwide to witness the dynamic activity of Kīlauea.
Local authorities are coordinating with the USGS and the National Park Service to ensure public safety and provide timely information. Residents in areas downwind of the eruption are particularly advised to stay informed about air quality levels and take necessary precautions to protect their health.
As the situation develops, the USGS and local agencies will continue to offer updates and guidance to the public. For the most current information, individuals are encouraged to consult official sources and heed all advisories related to Kīlauea’s volcanic activity.
